· مما يتكون؟
*
يتكون باضافة (ING) الى الفعل فى المصدر.
امثلة:-
walk walking- drink drinking – play playing.
· استخدماتة؟
*يستخدم
اسم الفعل (gerund) فى
الاربعة الحالات الاتية:-
1-كفاعل فى الجملة (subject of a sentence) حيث
يعتبر الحدث كمعنى عام. امثلة:
It is easier to read French than
to speak it هذا يعتبر حدث فردى
Reading French is easier than speaking
it. هذا يعتبر حدث عام
2-يستخدم اسم الفعل (gerund) بعد حروف الجر .امثلة :-
He was accused of smuggling
drugs. – She insisted on seeing me.
3-يستخدم اسم الفعل (gerund) بعد بعض التركيبات الاسمية (عبارات
اسمية ).مثال:-
(drawing board, diving board , rowing
boat ,washing machine …..)
4-يستخدم اسم الفعل (gerund) بعد افعال معينة و اكثرها شيوعا هى
الافعال الاتية :-
Avoid
|
Fancy
|
Miss
|
Consider
|
Finish
|
Deny
|
Delay
|
Forgive
|
Stop
|
Dislike
|
Keep
|
Understand
|
Enjoy
|
Mention
|
Postpone
|
Excuse
|
Mind
|
Go on
|
الامثلة :-
He avoid meeting me. – She enjoys playing
Tennis.
You can finish watching T.V. – Do not
deny lying to me.
**
يستخدم اسم الفعل (gerund)
بعد الصفات الاتية : busy , worth
I was busy arranging yesterday. – The
game was worth seeing.
**
يستخدم اسم الفعل (gerund)
بعد التغبيرات الاتية : can’t
stand , can't help , It is no use.
I can’t stand seeing blood. – He can’t
help loving you.
It is use leaving problems unsolved.
الرابط
|
المعنى
|
الرابط
|
المعنى
|
Or |
او
|
Therefore
|
لذلك-
بناء على ذلك
|
Otherwise
|
و
الا
|
Hence
|
من
ثم
|
Neither….nor
|
لا
...و لا
|
Consequently
|
من
ثم – بناء علية
|
So
|
لذلك
|
As well as
|
ايضا
|
Thus
|
هكذا – لهذا السبب
|
· ما
هى فائدة هذة الروابط و دواعى استخدامها ؟
* تربط جملتان بهما صلة فى المعنى .
And 1-
Nabil fell down. He broke his leg. –
Nabil fell down and broke his leg.
* تربط جملتان مثبتتان
2 – Both ….and
Nabil is clever. Maged is clever
too. Both Nabil and Maged are clever.
She is very beautiful But/Still/Yet she is
not married.
not married.
She is
very beautiful but / still / yet she
is not married.
* تربط جملتان متسلسلتان فى المعنى و تؤكد
المعنى المثبت بالجملة الثانية.
4- Not only….But also :-
Ahmed has passed his examination. He
has obtained high marks.
Ahmed has not only passed his
examination, but also has obtained high marks.
·
تربط جملتان بهما
تفضيل و لذلك فهى تستخدم للتفضيل بين الشيئين 5-Either…..or :-
They are intelligent. They are very stupid.
They are either intelligent or very
stupid.
Do your work good . They will fire
you.
Either you do your work good or they
will fire you.
* تربط جملتان و تؤكد معنى النفى فيهم 6- Neither…….nor :-
They are intelligent . They are very
stupid.
They are neither intelligent nor stupid.
The man can’t read . He can’t write.
The man can neither read nor write.
* تربط
جملتان و تستخدم للتعبير عن النتيجة المنطقية 7-so/thus/therefor/hence/consequently He studied hard. He succeeded
He studied hard so he succeeded
* يربط
حملتان و يؤكد الحملة الاولى و ايضا يضيف اليها 8-As well as
He writes English well. He writes French
well.
He writes English as well as French
well.
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